![]() ![]() There is, however, a need for large-scale megacohorts to investigate these effects in standardized ways and to identify the most susceptible populations. Pooling existing cohorts such as in the ongoing European ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM consortia are promising steps. ![]() Larger studies with more consistent definitions of phenotypes and exposure assessment for local traffic-related pollutants (e.g., ultrafine particles) are needed. Overall, the role of traffic-related air pollution in adult-onset asthma is less conclusive than in childhood asthma. Reported patterns of effect modification (e.g., by sex, atopy, or smoking) were inconsistent. However, protocols, definitions of asthma, and exposure assignment were rather heterogeneous, and three publications relied on the same study thus we abstain from meta-analytic summaries. Those studies reported similar associations with traffic-related air pollution. All but one used markers of local traffic-related air pollution to characterize long-term exposure. ![]() Seven publications from five study populations fulfilled the inclusion criteria (one case-control and six cohort studies). This review assesses the current evidence of the association between air pollution and asthma incidence among subjects free of asthma at least until late childhood. The causes of adult-onset asthma are poorly established, and the asthmogenic role of air pollution has been investigated primarily in children. ![]()
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